What Causes Gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia can be caused by medical conditions as well as a side-effect from drugs (prescribed and/or recreational).

The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Gynecomastia. There are likely to be other possible causes.

1.  Klinefelter syndrome

2.  Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis

3.  Testicular failure

4.  Androgen-insensitivity syndrome

5.  Androgen receptor defects

6.  Biosynthetic defects in testosterone production

7.  Feminizing adrenocortical tumors

8.  Isolated Leutenizing hormone deficiency

9.  Testicular germ cell tumor

10. Leydig cell tumor

11. Sertoli cell tumor

12. Pseudogynecomastia

13. Obesity – may cause similar enlarged appearance.

14. Reifenstein syndrome

15. Kallmann syndrome

16. Liver cirrhosis

17. Puberty – all adolescent males experience some male breast enlargment; it is often temporary.

18. Antiandrogens (flutamide, finasteride, ketoconazole)

19. Gastrointestinal agents (cimetidine, ranitidine)

20. Digoxin

21. Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, nifedipine)

22. Marijuana

23. Heroin

24. Methadone

25. Amphetamines

26. Androgens

27. Anabolic steroids

28. Estrogens

29. Phenothiazines

30. Diazepam

31. Tricyclic antidepressants

32. Hyperthyroidism

33. Klinefelter’s syndrome

34. Isoniazid

35. Spirionolactone

36. Cimetidine

37. Omeprazole

38. Oestrogen

39. Methyldopa

40. Physiological

41. Testicular tumours

42. Adrenal carcinoma

43. Breast cancer

44. Hepatic carcinoma

45. Hypothyroidism

46. Pituitary tumor

47. Reifenstein’s syndrome

48. Testicular cancer

49. Hemodialysis

50. Major surgery

51. Testicular irradiation

52. Estrogens to treat prostate cancer

53. Ethylstilbestrol

54. Estramustine

55. Chlorotrianisene

56. Phenothiazine

57. Antihypertensives

58. Hepatoma

59. Hypogonadism

60. Aging – more common in older men as male hormones reduce.

61. Neurofibroma

62. Lung cancer

63. Dermoid cyst

64. Liver disorders

65. Lipoma

66. Liver disease

67. Estrogen-producing tumors

68. Certain tumors

69. Feminization

70. Chronic kidney failure

71. Adrenal tumor – if it secretes estrogen

72. Hematoma

73. Lymphamgioma

74. Ectopic hCG tumor